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Simulated Ocean Waves (Internal Waves)

Earth & Home

★Exhibit Content: Fluid Motion ★Interaction: Mechanical Interaction ★Operation: 1. Visitors hold the handle with both hands and lift or press down the device; 2. Observe the direction and speed of the liquid's rotation. ★Exhibit Description: The exhibit consists of a device filled with a special liquid. By lifting or pressing down the device, the direction and speed of the liquid's rotation change, revealing many small vortices that form turbulence. ★Scientific Principle: Turbulence, in fluid dynamics, is a type of fluid flow characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is contrasted with laminar flow. Turbulence is very common, such as ocean waves, rapid rivers, rolling storm clouds, or smoke from a chimney. Most fluid flows occurring in nature or generated in engineering applications are turbulent. Turbulence is caused by excessive kinetic energy in parts of the fluid flow, which overcomes the damping effect of the fluid's viscosity. For this reason, turbulence is commonly realized in low-viscosity fluids. In general, in turbulent flow, unsteady vortices of various sizes appear and interact with each other, leading to increased drag due to friction effects. This increases the energy required to pump fluid through a pipe. The onset of turbulence can be predicted by the dimensionless Reynolds number, the ratio of kinetic energy to viscous damping in a fluid flow. However, turbulence has long been difficult to analyze physically in detail, and the interactions within turbulence produce very complex phenomena. Richard Feynman described turbulence as the most important unsolved problem in classical physics.

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