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Conic Sections

Mathematics

★Exhibit Content: Conic Sections ★Interaction: Mechanical Interaction ★Operation: Rotate the cone, and the liquid surface inside the cone will change with different rotation angles. Starting from one end, the shape of the liquid surface inside the cone will sequentially be a circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, and triangle. ★Exhibit Description: The exhibit consists of a support, cone, liquid, rotation mechanism, and scale plate. A conical container with liquid sealed inside is placed on the rotation mechanism. A conic section is the locus of points where the ratio of the distance to the vertex and the distance to a fixed line is constant. Rotate the cone so that the tip of the cone aligns with the scale on the scale plate. Observe the changes in the liquid shape during rotation, compare whether the shape of the liquid surface in the cone matches the shape on the scale plate, and learn the principles of conic sections. ★Scientific Principle: Conic sections include circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. By intersecting a conical surface with a plane, different angles of intersection will form different conic sections. In daily life, we use the properties of parabolas to design solar cookers. The trajectories of celestial bodies in the universe are elliptical. Why does the liquid surface form various shapes such as circles and ellipses? Conic sections are curves obtained by intersecting a plane with a double cone. The ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius used the method of cutting a cone with a plane to study these curves: using a plane perpendicular to the cone's axis to intersect the cone yields a circle; gradually tilting the plane yields an ellipse; when the plane is tilted to be 'parallel to and only to' one generatrix of the cone, a parabola is obtained; using a plane parallel to the cone's axis to intersect yields one branch of a hyperbola (when the conical surface is replaced with the corresponding double cone, a hyperbola is obtained).

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