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Standing Sound Waves

Mobile Science Museum · Acoustics

Operation: Press the demonstration song button or operate the frequency selection button to choose different frequencies. The speaker emits sound waves of different frequencies. Observe the vibration of particles in the acrylic tube at different frequencies, and observe the changes at the maximum amplitude and zero amplitude points. Function Overview: The exhibit consists of a speaker, acrylic tube, foam particles, frequency display, operation buttons, etc. The acrylic tube is filled with solid colored particles, and one end is connected to the speaker to form a sealed space for demonstrating acoustic standing waves. Operate the buttons to select different frequencies; the speaker emits sound waves of different frequencies. The incident sound wave propagates from one end of the acrylic tube to the other and generates a reflected wave. At specific frequencies, the incident and reflected waves superimpose to form a standing wave. The point with maximum amplitude is called an antinode, and the point with minimum amplitude is called a node. When adjusting the sound source frequency, the digital display synchronously shows the current sound frequency. At this time, the positions of antinodes and nodes and the vibration amplitude change accordingly, creating the phenomenon of small particles appearing to dance. Scientific Principle: Why do the small particles in the tube dance? Because the incident sound wave emitted by the speaker reflects at the other end of the tube to form a reflected wave. At specific frequencies, the incident and reflected waves superimpose to form a standing wave. The point with maximum amplitude is called an antinode, and the point with minimum amplitude is called a node. When adjusting the sound source frequency, the positions of antinodes and nodes and the vibration amplitude change accordingly, creating the phenomenon of small particles appearing to dance. Standing waves have important applications in acoustics, optics, and radio science; they can be used to measure wavelength or determine the natural frequency of a vibrating system.

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