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Jacob's Ladder

Mobile Science Museum · Electromagnetism

Operation: Press the "Start" button and observe the arc changes. Function Overview: The exhibit consists of horn-shaped electrodes and a start button. When the button is pressed, the air at the lower end of the horn-shaped electrodes is broken down to form an arc, and the arc continuously climbs upward. When it reaches a certain height, it breaks, and a new arc immediately forms at the bottom. Scientific Principle: What is the mystery behind this? Two horn-shaped electrodes, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, one connected to high voltage and the other grounded. When the voltage between the two electrodes is high enough, the air at the narrow bottom is broken down and becomes conductive, generating an arc. Due to the high temperature at the bottom during discharge, an upward airflow is formed, pushing the arc to climb continuously. When the arc reaches a certain height and the electrode spacing exceeds the critical "breakdown" distance, the arc extinguishes. This cycle repeats, forming an arc discharge phenomenon like a ladder, similar to the "Jacob's Ladder" in ancient Greek mythology. Arc discharge often occurs in power systems; if not eliminated in time, it may burn out power equipment. Arc discharge can also be used by people; electric welding uses the high temperature generated by the arc to melt metal, thereby welding objects together.

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