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Tower of Hanoi

Mobile Science Museum · Mathematics

Operation: Complete the moving task as required and see how many steps you used in total. Function Overview: The exhibit consists of a display stand, three game rods, and corresponding movable rings, allowing visitors to experience the classic mathematical game of the Tower of Brahma. Visitors move the rings as required, aiming to move five rings from one rod to another in the fewest moves while keeping the order of large and small rings unchanged. The prerequisites for completing the move are: only one ring can be moved at a time; always keep the smaller ring on top and the larger ring at the bottom; when moving, the ring can only be placed on another rod. Scientific Principle: This exhibit demonstrates the scientific principle behind the famous Tower of Brahma. The end of the world has always been a topic of great concern. Legend has it that Brahma, one of the three principal gods of Hinduism and the god of creation, when creating the world, placed a brass plate in the sacred temple of Benares in northern India. He inserted three gemstone needles into this brass plate and threaded sixty-four gold rings onto the first needle. These gold rings are largest at the bottom and become smaller towards the top, forming a tower shape, hence it is called the Tower of Brahma. Brahma told the monks of the temple that, day or night, one monk must move the gold rings between the three needles according to Brahma's rules. The rule is simple: only one gold ring can be moved at a time, and when moving, a smaller gold ring can only be placed on a larger one, not a larger ring on a smaller one. The ultimate goal is to move all 64 gold rings to the third gemstone needle. Brahma also told the monks that they must continue generation after generation, day and night, without stopping moving the rings to maintain the operation of heaven, earth, and nature. When the goal is reached, the end of the world will come. Let's do a simple calculation: moving one gold ring requires 1 move; moving two gold rings requires 1+1+1, which is 3 moves. Moving three gold rings requires the moves for two rings (3) + the move for one ring (1) + the moves for two rings (3) = 7 moves. By analogy, we can conclude that moving N gold rings requires 2 to the power of N minus 1 moves. Using this formula, the number of moves required to move all the gold rings on the Tower of Brahma is 2 to the power of 64 minus 1. If calculated at a speed of one move per second day and night, the time required to move all 64 gold rings is about 580 billion years. Scientists tell us that the solar system and the eight planets formed about 5 billion years ago and are estimated to have another 5 billion years of life. So do we still need to worry about the claim that the end of the world will come when the gold rings are all moved?

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