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Eight Queens

Mobile Science Museum · Mathematics

Operation: Place the pieces as required and see how many different layouts you can create. Function Overview: The exhibit is an 8×8 chessboard. Next to it are 8 pieces—queens. Visitors place the 8 queens one by one on the board, but no two queens can be in the same row, column, or diagonal. Scientific Principle: The eight queens puzzle is an ancient and famous problem and a classic case of backtracking algorithms. It was proposed by international chess player Max Bezzel in 1848: Place eight queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that they cannot attack each other, i.e., no two queens can be in the same row, column, or diagonal. How many solutions are there? Gauss believed there were 76 solutions. In 1854, different authors published 40 different solutions in a Berlin chess magazine. Later, someone used graph theory to find 92 results. If solutions that can be transformed into each other by ±90°, ±180° rotations, and diagonal reflections are considered the same, there are 42 classes. After the invention of computers, various programming languages can be used to solve this problem.

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