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Automobile Differential

Mobile Science Museum · Automotive

Operation: 1. Turn the handwheel to start the differential rotating, and observe the speed of the wheels at both ends of the differential; 2. Use your hand to slightly resist the wheel on one side while it is running, and observe the change in rotational speed of the wheels on both sides. Functional Overview: The exhibit consists of an automobile differential demonstration mechanism, an operating device, a protective cover, etc. Visitors turn the handwheel to start the differential rotating and can observe the speed of the wheels at both ends of the differential; by using a hand to slightly resist the wheel on one side while it is running, they can observe the change in rotational speed of the wheels on both sides. Scientific Principle: Why can a car turn smoothly when cornering? The differential is composed of parts such as planetary gears, a planetary gear carrier, and side gears. The engine's power enters the differential through the drive shaft, directly driving the planetary gear carrier, which then drives the left and right half-shafts through the planetary gears, separately driving the left and right wheels. The design of the differential must satisfy: left half-shaft speed + right half-shaft speed = 2 times the planetary gear carrier speed. When the car is traveling straight, the speeds of the left wheel, right wheel, and planetary gear carrier are equal and in a balanced state. When the car turns, this balance is disrupted, causing the inner wheel speed to decrease and the outer wheel speed to increase, thereby allowing the car to turn smoothly.

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