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Brachistochrone

Medium Exhibit Stands · Mathematics

Operation: Place the two balls at the starting positions respectively, pull the lever, and both balls roll down simultaneously. No matter how many times you try, the ball on the curved track always reaches the finish line first. Function Overview: The exhibit consists of two tracks, two balls of equal radius and mass, and a lever. The two tracks have the same starting height and ending height, one is a straight track and the other is a curved track. Place the two balls at the starting positions respectively, pull the lever, and both balls roll down simultaneously. No matter how many times you try, the ball on the curved track always reaches the finish line first. Scientific Principle: Why does the ball rolling down the longer track take the shortest time? The order in which the balls reach the finish line depends not only on the length of the track but also on the ball's sliding speed. In fact, the curved track is a brachistochrone. In the initial stage of descent, the steeper track allows the ball to quickly gain greater speed; then, the greater speed is fully utilized to complete the flat curve. Therefore, compared with other tracks, the ball rolling on the brachistochrone always reaches the finish line first. The brachistochrone is widely used in engineering. The curve on the 'large roof' of ancient Chinese architecture is a brachistochrone, allowing rainwater falling on the roof to flow away at the fastest speed.

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